This study examined the absorbance of ruthenium-doped nanocrystalline titanium dioxide and its application to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Avaspec 2. 1 spectrophotometer revealed that ruthenium-dyed TiO2 can absorb light beyond the ultraviolet region. https://parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/f-f-niacin/