These controversies regarding the relationships amongst citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs can be due to ways that OCBs are measured. While in the literature, OCBs have usually been outlined as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.2). Other-rated measurements are struggling to establish the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4